Executive Summary This report examines Turkey’s water dominance and transboundary water management practices vis-à-vis its riparians, highlights related risks to

In recent months, Armenia and Russia have strengthened their relations. A series of high-level meetings indicates not only a return to normal diplomatic practices but also a deliberate reshaping of their alliance. Alongside President Putin’s renewed ties with Azerbaijani President Aliyev and the Kremlin’s broader adjustment of its regional strategy, the revived dialogue between Putin and Prime Minister Pashinyan forms part of a wider diplomatic renewal. This shift marks a clear easing of the tensions that strained their bilateral relations from September 2022 to mid-2024.